Herbs in History: Hibiscus sabdariffa
Lets explore the rich history of Hibiscus sabdariffa, commonly known as Roselle. This vibrant plant has been cherished across cultures for its culinary, medicinal, and practical uses. Let’s delve into its fascinating journey through time and its enduring significance.
Ancient Origins and Early Uses
Hibiscus sabdariffa is believed to have originated in tropical Africa, with evidence suggesting it was domesticated as early as 4000 BCE in Sudan. Initially cultivated for its edible seeds, the plant’s use expanded to include its leaves, young shoots, and flower parts. The fleshy calyces became particularly valued for their culinary versatility, used in beverages, jams, and jellies.
Traditional Uses Across Cultures
Africa
In Africa, Roselle has been a staple for both nutrition and medicine. The seeds are traditionally roasted or ground into meal. The calyces are used to make a popular tart beverage known as carcade or bissap in West Africa. This drink is not only refreshing but also valued for its diuretic and mild laxative effects. In Sudan and Egypt, Hibiscus tea is consumed to lower body temperature and treat cardiac conditions.
Asia
By the 16th century, Hibiscus sabdariffa had spread to Asia and the West Indies. In India, it became an integral part of traditional medicine. The Zeliang tribe of Nagas in Northeast India uses it to treat stomach disorders and purify blood by boiling the leaves and fruits. Similarly, the Meiteis ethnic group uses extracts from the plant’s pulp to treat urinary tract diseases.
A Drink Fit for Pharaohs
In ancient Egypt, Hibiscus tea, known as Karkadeh (or Karkady), was highly prized and often referred to as the “Tea of the Pharaohs.” It is believed to have been consumed by Egyptian royalty due to its cooling and restorative properties. The Ebers Papyrus, an ancient Egyptian medical document dating back to 1550 BCE, mentions Hibiscus as a remedy for coughs and other ailments. This highlights its early recognition as a medicinal plant.
Karkadeh was valued not only for its tart, cranberry-like flavour but also for its ability to lower body temperature—an essential quality in Egypt’s hot climate. Even today, Hibiscus tea remains a popular beverage in Egypt, served hot or cold and sweetened with sugar or honey.
Medicinal Uses in Ancient Egypt
Hibiscus was widely used in ancient Egyptian medicine. The plant’s calyces were infused into teas or decoctions to treat respiratory conditions such as coughs and sore throats. Its diuretic properties were also employed to promote fluid balance and support kidney health. Modern studies have confirmed that Hibiscus is rich in vitamin C, polyphenols, and anthocyanins—compounds that contribute to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-boosting effects.
In addition to internal remedies, Hibiscus was used topically. For example, extracts from the plant were applied to the skin to support healing and improve skin health. This aligns with traditional practices that recognised the plant’s antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties.
A Natural Dye
Hibiscus sabdariffa was also valued for its deep red pigment, which made it an excellent natural dye. The calyces were used to colour fabrics and other materials in shades of crimson or magenta. The dye’s photostability (its ability to retain colour when exposed to light) made it particularly useful for decorative purposes.
The use of Hibiscus as a dye extended beyond Egypt. Its vibrant pigments were later adopted in other regions such as Sudan and Asia for both textiles and cosmetics. In ancient times, dyed fabrics carried social or ceremonial significance, further elevating the status of Hibiscus.
Cultural Significance
Hibiscus tea played a role in Egyptian social rituals and celebrations. It became customary to toast weddings with glasses of Karkadeh, a tradition that continues in parts of Egypt today. The drink’s vibrant red colour symbolised vitality and joy—qualities that aligned perfectly with festive occasions.
Interestingly, folklore surrounding Hibiscus added an air of mystique. It was believed that drinking Karkadeh could evoke feelings of passion or even lust. As a result, some sources suggest that women in ancient Egypt were forbidden from consuming it due to its supposed aphrodisiac properties.
Australia
In Australia, particularly among Indigenous communities in Queensland and northern regions, Roselle has been used for generations. The fibre from the bark was traditionally used to make dilli bags, twine, and hunting nets. This highlights the plant’s versatility beyond just nutritional uses.
Medicinal Properties Documented Through History
Hibiscus sabdariffa has been used for millennia as both a delicious cultural beverage and an ancient medicinal therapy. Its therapeutic properties have been documented extensively across cultures:
• Antihypertensive Effects: Hibiscus tea is renowned for its ability to lower blood pressure. This is attributed to its vasodilator activity and diuretic efficacy.
• Antioxidant Properties: Rich in anthocyanins and flavonoids, Hibiscus exhibits strong antioxidative effects that help manage hyperlipidemia by lowering lipid levels.
• Anti-inflammatory Benefits: The plant’s extracts reduce inflammation markers such as IL-1 and TNF-α, offering potential benefits for conditions like arthritis.
• Antimicrobial Activity: Hibiscus has shown antibacterial efficacy against various strains, supporting its use in managing infections.
Cultural Significance
Beyond its medicinal uses, Hibiscus sabdariffa holds cultural importance. In Iran, it is traditionally used to manage high blood pressure—a practice supported by several studies focused on cholesterol reduction. In Zimbabwean folk medicine, the calyces are used to treat cancer and infections.
Modern Recognition
Today, scientific research continues to validate many traditional uses of Hibiscus sabdariffa. Studies highlight its role in improving metabolic health by regulating blood sugar levels and enhancing insulin sensitivity. Its anti-inflammatory properties further support its use in managing chronic diseases like diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease.
The global appreciation of Hibiscus sabdariffa is reflected in its widespread cultivation across continents—from Africa to Asia and the Americas—demonstrating its adaptability and enduring appeal.
The history of Hibiscus sabdariffa is a testament to its versatility and significance across cultures. From ancient African communities to modern herbal practices worldwide, this remarkable plant has been cherished for its health benefits and vibrant flavour.
Final Thoughts
As I harvest this beautiful herb on my farm, I am reminded of how this humble plant connects us all through shared traditions and timeless wellness. Whether you enjoy it as a refreshing beverage or use the iron-rich leaves as a food source, Roselle has a rich legacy rooted in history.
Here’s to celebrating the incredible Hibiscus sabdariffa plant - for what it has given us throughout history and the amazing benefits it continues to offer today!
To connect with the rich history of Hibiscus order our organic Australian grown tincture using the link below:
